GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLINE

GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLINE 

 MLL

1-What is Geography?

2-Define Physical Geography?

3- Explain the term Environment?

4-What do you understand by Determinism?

5-What is Geomorphology?

6-What are two approaches of studying geography?

7-What do you understand by systematic geography?

8-Write the names of branches of geography based on systematic and regional approaches.

 9-What is possibilism?

10-What is field survey?

11-What is the importance of Human Geography?

HOTs Questions 

1-What is the relationship of geography with other sciences? Explain.

2-Why is geography known as the mother of all sciences?

3- How can we say that geography is an integrated discipline/ subject? Discuss.

 3 MARKS QUESTIONS                                                                                                                          

1-What is the relation between geography and social science?

2-Give the classification of branches of geography based on regional   approach.

3-What is the importance of Physical Geography?

 Value Based

1-How is the study of anthropology helpful for the development of mankind?

2-How can the equal distribution of the resources bring brotherhood among the human beings ?   

 3- Which human ethics could be taken into account while visiting a zoo? 

THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH

THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH 

MLL

1-What do you mean by a Nebula?

2- What is the Solar System?

3-What do you know about   Proxima Centory?

4-Which is the special planet of the solar system?

5-What is a light year?

6- Which were the initial gases forming the atmosphere of the earth?

7- Name any two Jovian planets of our Solar System.

 (03 marks question)

1-How did the moon come into being?

2-Discuss the three stages in the evolution of the present atmosphere?

3-Discuss the basic difference between the Inner planets and outer planets.

4-Explain the Big-Bang   theory in detail.

5-How are Ocean Formed in the Earth?

6-Discuss the origin of the earth.

7- How was the life evolved on  the earth?

8-What are Binary Theories regarding the origin of the Earth ?

9-Explain nebular hypothesis about the origin of planets? 

INTERIOR OF THE EARTH

 INTERIOR OF THE EARTH  

MLL

1-Define the term volcano ?                                                        

2-Where is the deepest mines found in the world?

3-What is an earthquake?      

4-What is the main cause of shaking of the earth’s crust?                                                       

5-What are body waves?                                                              6-Write two landforms associated with volcanism?                                                  

7-What is epicenter ?                                                                                         

8-What is an active volcano? Give one examples of active volcanoes.                     

HOTs Questions

                                   

1-No one can reach the interior of the earth, then how do scientists tell us about the interior of the earth and the type of materials that exists at such depth?                       

2-Why is the destruction maximum near the epicenter of the earthquake? Explain.             

3-“Mostly natural disaster are the result of human interference in the environment” Discuss.         

 4. How for the volcanoes are responsible for changing the landscape of the earth?     Elaborate it with the help of suitable examples

(03 marks question)

1-Why can’t we reach the central part of the interior of the earth? Give reasons.

2-.Differentiate between body waves and the surface waves of the earthquake with help of a neat diagram.                                                                                            

3-How would you differentiate between shadow zones of S waves and P waves? Support your answer with diagrams.        

Value Based questions

1-What human values can play an important role in the relief and rehabilitation of the earthquake victims?                                  

2-What conditions promote sustenance of flora and  fauna on the planet earth?  Explain.   .                                                          

3-What are the benefits of earthquakes and volcanoes for mankind ?Mention them briefly.                                               

4-What precautions can be taken to minimize the losses due to earth quakes and volcanoes? 

DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

 DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS 

(Minimum Learning Level )MLL

1-Name the upper most layer of the earth.

2-What is the radius of the earth?

3-What was Pangaea?

4-Who first propounded the theory of continental drift?

5-What is polar wandering?

6-What process is known as subduction?

7-What do you mean by jig –saw-fit?

8-What do you mean by oceanic ridge?

9-What is meant by Pangaea?

HOTs Questions

1-With the help of a diagram explain various features of the  sea floor?

2-How does coral distribution suggest northward movement of continents?

3-How do lithosphere plates behave along the transform fault?

 4-Describe the continental drift theory of Wegner  in detail.

5-Boundaries of the tectonic plates are more important than plates. Explain this statement.

6-What are the evidences in support of the continental drift theory?

(03 marks question)

1-What is meant by sea floor spreading?

2-What do you understand by plate tectonic?

3-What do you mean by tillite? Where are they found?

4-How are the convectional currents in the mantle initiated and maintained?

5-Draw the major tectonic plates on the given map of the world.

6-What is the relationship between earthquake, volcanoes and plate tectonics?

7-What was the location of Indian plate in various periods?

8-How far the tectonic plate’s theory is able to explain the origin of mid oceanic ridge?

9-What is the importance of tectonic plate’s theory in geomorphology?

DRAINAGE PATTERNS

DRAINAGE MAP OF INDIA

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Holiday Home Work from FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY NATURE AND SCOPE

Q 1 Define human geography. OR

          How did the Ratzel and Ellen C. Semple define human geography?

Q 2 Explain the important approaches that emerged during 1970 have to study Human geography.                                                                    OR

          Explain the welfare /humanistic, redical and behavioural approaches in     human geography.

Q 3 What is the aim of human geography? 

Q 4 Name any four sub-fields of Human geography. 

Q 5 Expalin the important approach that emerged during 1930’s to study Human geography. OR

          Areal differentiation approach in human geography.

Q 6 What was the main focus of Areal differentiation during 1930’s? 

Q 7 Explain the important approach that emerged during 1990’s to study Human geography. OR

          What was the main feature of Post Modernism in Geography?                   

Q 8 What is the main objective of studying Human geography as a discipline of           Geography? 

Q 9What do you mean by “Stop and Go determinism “or “Neo determinism”? 

Q 10 What is the major difference between study of Physical geography and      Human geography? 

Q 11 What is environmental determinism? Or Explain Naturalisation of   Humans           with three examples.

Q 12 Explain the concept of possibilism.  Or Explain Humanisation of Nature   with           three examples

Q 13 Explain how Human geography emerged as an integrated and inter-  related discipline during early 20^thCentury? 

Q 14 Explain how Human geography is interrelated with Physical geography? 

Q 15 Explain the approach was used to study Human geography during late      1950’s? What were its features?         Or

          Explain the spatial organization approach in human geography.                 

Q 16 Name any three sub-fields each of Social geography and Economic geography.          

Q 17 What is the nature and scope of Human geography? 

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

THE WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY AND GROWTH

Q 1 What are different patterns of migration?                   

Q 2 Define migration. Distinguish between immigration and emigration.       

Q 3 Explain the demographic cycle.

Q 4 Write down the components of population change. Define the significance/           impacts of population growth. 

Q 5 Why do people migrate? Explain the Push and Pull factor. 

Q 6 What was the total world’s population in the beginning of the twenty first           century? Write down the current growth ratio of population of the world. 

Q 7 What is density of population? How its different from Agricultural density          of population and Physiological density?

Q 8 Define the following terms: i) Growth Rate of Population.         

          ii) Natural Growth of Population.       iii) Actual Population Growth.

          iv)  Positive Growth of Population.     v) Negative Growth of Population.

Q 9 Explain the factors influencing the distribution of population. 

Q 10 Explain the pattern of population distribution in the world? 

Q 11 How science and technology helped population growth? 

Q 12 Define different types of migrations.              

Q 13 With the help of diagram explain the three stages of Demographic    Transition           Theory? 

Q 14 What do you mean by doubling time of countries population and ageing           population of a country? 

Q 15 Describe in brief the different trends of population growth in the world. 

Q 16 Explain the various measures to control population growth.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

POPULATION COMPOSITION

Q 1 Define literacy rate? How does literacy indicate socio-economic development      of a country?      

OR

          Define the factors which are responsible for the variations in the literacy   level of the World.   

Q 2 Explain the term Ageing Population.   

Q 3 Describe the rural-urban composition of population. Why it differs from

          developed countries to developing countries? 

OR

          On the basis of place of residence classify the population of the world in two           groups . Explain three main characteristics of each group of population.

OR

          Divide the population of the world into two groups on the basis of residence.           How do they differ from each other? Explain three points of each group.

Q 4 How is the sex ratio measured? Why it’s unfavourable to women in India? 

OR

          What is sex ratio? Why is sex ratio imbalanced in the world? 

Q 5 What do you understand by population composition? Explain its components?

Q 6 Define age- sex pyramid. Explain with suitable examples three types of       pyramid.

OR

          The shape of the population pyramid reflects the characteristics of the           population. How?

OR

          Write three types of populations associated with three kinds of shapes of age           pyramid. 

Q 7 Explain various groups of age structure with their important characteristics.                                                                   OR

          What is the significance of age structure?

Q 8 Explain the inter link between population and development.      

Q 9 What do you mean by occupational structure of population? 

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

                                                                                                      

Q 1 Differentiate between growth and development.

Q 2 Which are the three important indicators used by the UNDP to measure human  development? 

Q 3 What does the Human Development Index and Human Poverty Index           measure? 

Q 4 Distinguish between attainments and shortfalls.

Q 5 How are the countries classified on the basis of human development index? OR

          Explain the international comparisons of human development. 

Q 6 Explain the four approaches to study human development. 

Q 7 What do you mean by crude birth rate and crude death rate? 

Q 8 What do you mean by human resource development? 

Q 9 Explain in detail sustainability?        

Q 10 Define human development .Explain the four pillars of human development    with suitable examples.  

OR

          How do equity and sustainability refer to within the concept of human           development?

Holidays Home Work from India People and Economy

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY 

POPULATION: DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY, GROWTH AND COMPOSITION 

Q 1 Give few demographic attributes of human population in India. 
Q 2 What do you mean by Population doubling time? 
Q 3 What do you mean by Population Composition?  
Q 4 Describe the components of Population Growth? 
Q 5 What is the difference between main worker and marginal worker? OR
Mention the classification of working population given by Census in 2001
Q 6 What is fertility and morality induced growth of population?
Q 7 Describe the classification of Modern Indian Languages. OR
Explain the four families of Indian languages with their sub-families and branches.
Q 8 Describe the religious composition of India.
Q 9 Distinguish between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary economic activities. 
Q 10 Differentiate between Natural Growth and Population Growth. 

Q 11 Which states have large rural population in India? Give reasons behind such large rural population. 
Q 12 Give any four characteristics each for the Rural and Urban population of India. 
Q 13 Describe the regional variation in population growth.
Q 14 Explain the conditions in which growth of population is negative and those in which it are positive. 
Q 15 Define occupation. Give the classification of occupations adopted by census. 
Q 16 Describe the distribution of population in India.  
Q 17 Distinguish between arithmetic density and physiological density. 
Q 18 Mention the different stages of demographic transition theory.  
Q 19 Mention the causes of uneven distribution of population. OR
Explain the factors which influence the distribution of population.
Q 20 Discuss briefly four phases of population growth in India during the twentieth century. Give five causes of population growth during the each phase. OR
Discuss the trend of growth of population in India during in last hundred years.
Q 21 Describe the age composition of population of India and mention its implications. 

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY

MIGRATION: TYPES, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

Q 1 What are the two types of migration? OR
Distinguish between migration and commutation. 
Q 2 Who is a migrant? Name four streams of migration in India.
Q 3 What are the two basis on which census has enumerated migration? OR
 What is the basis of classifying a population as migrant population in India? OR
Differentiate between life-time migrant and migrant by last residence.  
Q 4 How are remittances from international migrants useful? 
Q 5 Explain spatial variation of migration in India?
Q 6.What are the characteristics of migration in India? 
Q 7 Distinguish between intrastate and interstate migration. 
Q 8 Define the term Temporary and Permanent migration with examples. 
Q 9 Explain the four major consequences of migration in details. 
Q 10 Mention the main causes of migration. OR
Discuss the pull and push factors affecting the migration. OR
Distinguish between pull factors and push factors affecting human migration. 
Q 11 Answer the following questions based on the pie-diagrams 2.2 (a) and 2.2 (b) given on page no. 21 regarding the Reasons for Male and Female migration:

i) Which sector accounts for the maximum percentage share of migration among females?
ii) Which sector accounts for the maximum percentage share of migration among Males?
iii) What can be the reason for low percentage of females migrating to other places for education?
iv) What is the most serious problem faced by the source area of migration where men migrate due to employment.
Q 12 Discuss the religious composition of Indian population and its spatial distribution.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Q 1 Give five reasons why Kerala is placed at top rank in terms of HDI. 
Q 2 Define human development. Why human development is necessary? Give any four reasons. 
OR
Why is there a need to have human development?
Q 3 Mention the main factors responsible for overexploitation of resources. 
Q 4 What were the views presented by Neo Malthusians, Environmentalists and Radical Ecologists on population and resources?
Q 5 Discuss the relationship between population, environment and development.
Q 6 Mention the set of indicators selected by India for preparing the Human Development Report of 2001. 
Q 7 ‘Development and environmental degradation are two faces of the same coin.’ How far is it correct? 
Q 8 Give three reasons responsible for declining child sex ratio in India. 
Q 9 On the given map of India, name and mark two states of India having lowest  and highest HDI value (HDI report 2001).
Q 10 Discuss the spatial patterns of female literacy in India in 2001 and bring out reasons responsible for it. 

BAUXITE MINES

BAUXITE MINES

Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput

COPPER MINES

COPPER MINES

Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetari,Udaipur & Amarkantak

MANGANESE MINES

MANGANESE MINES

Sundergarh, Balaghat, Nagpur, Shimoga.

MINERALS: IRON-ORE MINES

MINERALS: IRON-ORE MINES

Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Durg, Bailadela, Ratnagiri and Bellary.

MODIFIED UNIT-WISE AND CHAPTER-WISE WEIGHT AGE FOR CLASS XII -2014-15

MODIFIED WEIGHTAGE FOR CLASS XII- 2014-15

UNIT-WISE MAP WORK FOR CLASS XII (2014-15)

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India-People and Economy (Textbook II) For Class XII

India-People and Economy (Textbook II)

For locating & labelling only on the outline political map of India

Units Seven & Ch. 1 to 4

(i) States having largest and smallest area.

 (ii) States having largest and smallest population.

(iii) States having highest and lowest density of population

(iv) States having and highest and lowest growth rate of population 1991-2001.

(v) States having highest and lowest rural population.

(vi) States having highest and lowest urban population.

(vii) States having highest and lowest participation rate.

(viii)States having highest and lowest literacy rate.

(ix) States having highest and lowest female literacy rate.(x) State having highest percentage of population below poverty line.

(xi) State at the top in human development index.

(xii) 35 Metropolitan cities (2001)

Unit Nine Ch. 5 to 9

Leading producing states of the following crops:

(a)Rice, (b) Wheat, (c) Jowar, (d) Bajra, (e) Maize, (f) Groundnut,(g) Cotton, (h) Jute, (i) Sugarcane, (j) Tea and (k) Coffee

Minerals:

Iron-ore mines:             Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Durg, Bailadela, Ratnagiri, Bellary.

Manganese mines:         Sundergarh, Balaghat, Nagpur, Shimoga,

Copper mines:              Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetari,Udaipur & Amarkantak

Bauxite mines:               Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput

Coal mines:                   Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Korba, Talcher, Singareni, Neyveli.

Oil fields:                      Digboi, Kalol, Ankaleshwar, Bassian and Mumbai High

Oil Refineries:               Bhatinda, Panipat, Mathura, Jamnager, Mangalore, Tatipaka, Haldia, Guwahati, Baroni

Industries :

Iron and Steel Plants:     Bhadravati, Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela and Jameshedpur

Cotton Textile:                Ahmedabad, Surat, Gwalior, Varanasi, Murshidabad, Pune, Nagpur, Solapur and Mysore

Software Technology Parks:   Gandhinager, Shrinager, Mohali, Shimla, Delhi, Noida, Kanpur, Indore,Hyderabad, Bhubaneshwar and Major Industrial Regions

Unit Ten Ch. 10 and 11 Transport:

(i) States having lowest and highest density of roads.

(ii) Headquarters of all railway zones.

(iii) Major Sea Ports: Kandla, Marmagao, Kochi, Tuticorin, Chennai, Paradwip, Haldia

(iv) International Air ports: Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Delhi, Amritsar, Panaji, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram.

Map Items for Identification only on outline political map of the World ( XII )

Fundamentals of Human Geography (XII)

Textbook I (NCERT)

For Identification only on outline political map of the World

Unit One Ch.-1 Nil

Unit Two Ch. 2 to 4

1 Largest and smallest Country of each continent in area.

2 Countries having smallest and largest population of each continent

3 Countries having lowest and highest density of papulation of each continest.

4 Countriest having lowest and highest growth rate of population of each continent according to 1995- 2000.

5 Countries having lowest and highest rank in Human Development Index in 2003.

Unit Three Ch. 5 to 7

1 Areas of subsistence gathering

Primary Activities 2 Major areas of nomadic herding of the world.

3 Major areas of commercial livestock rearing

4 Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming

5 Major areas of mixed farming of the World.

6 Major areas of dairy farming of the World.

Unit Four Ch. 8 to 9

Secondary Activities 1 Ruhr region, Silicon Valley, Appalachian region, Great lakes region

2 Transcontinental Railways: Terminal Stations of transcontinental railways

3 Major Sea Ports : 

Europe: North Cape, London, Hamburg,

North America: Vancouver, San Francisco, New Orleans.

South America: Reo De Janeiro, Colon, ValparaisoAfrica: Suez, Durban and Cape Town

Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai, Hongkong, Aden,Colombo, Karachi, Kolkata

Australia: Perth, Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland

4. Inland Waterways:   Suez canal, Panama canal, Rhine waterway and St. Lawrence Seaway

5. Major Airports:  

• Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Mumbai,Jedda, Aden
• Europe: Moscow London, Paris, Berlin, and Rome
• North America: Chicago, New Orleans, Mexico City
• South America: Bogota, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Santiago
• Australia: Drarwin and Wellington.

Unit Five Ch. 10                  Mega cities of the world.